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Completed Projects of Financial Year 2023-24
Elephant Exclusive Zone Development for Conservation and Conflict Mitigation in Bankura
With escalating human-elephant conflict in Southwest Bengal, the risk of elephants entering the urban settlements of Durgapur is increasing. To mitigate this, the forest department aims to confine 10-15 elephants within a scientifically managed 1,500 Ha habitat in Beliatore Range, Bankura North Forest Division. Our Detailed Planning Report outlined 22 strategic measures, including continuous monitoring, stress management, habitat restoration, conflict mitigation, and anti-poaching initiatives. The report also featured a comprehensive threat analysis and habitat blueprint. It was positively received by the forest department and acknowledged in a local newspaper for its strategic significance.
Nakshatravanam: A Sacred Botanical Garden at North Bengal Wild Animal Park
Plants, despite their crucial ecological role, are often overlooked, whereas astrology remains deeply rooted in Indian culture. The concept of Nakshatravanam merges both disciplines by associating native plants with celestial bodies. To fulfill the North Bengal Wild Animal Park's (Bengal Safari) vision, we developed a 40m × 40m Nakshatravanam featuring 48 native species. Designed in consultation with an astrologer, the garden was completed in 75 days, with informative displays highlighting each plant’s astrological and environmental significance. This unique initiative, blending conservation with cultural heritage, received commendation from park authorities and the government.
Eco-Tourism Master Plan for Susunia Hills
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Susunia’s forest covered hills offer immense ecotourism potential for adventure seekers and seasonal visitors. At the request of the Bankura North Forest Department, we developed a Detailed Project Report (DPR) to promote sustainable tourism while conserving the region’s ecology. The plan integrates local communities for economic upliftment and proposes eco-friendly initiatives such as treehouse stays, a herbal garden, a butterfly park, an odonate pond, watchtowers for birding and photography, designated hiking trails, camping zones, and controlled access points. The DPR received positive feedback and is expected to be implemented in the near future.
Butterfly Conservation and Habitat Restoration at North Bengal Wild Animal Park
Butterflies serve as vital bio-indicators and pollinators, yet public awareness of their ecological role remains limited. Northern West Bengal hosts a rich butterfly diversity and abundant population, but their habitat requires conservation. In collaboration with North Bengal Wild Animal Park (Bengal Safari), we restored a deteriorated butterfly garden. A week-long field survey assessed local butterfly diversity, guiding the selection of host and nectar plants. Caterpillars were reared to boost populations, leading to the stabilization of the butterfly diversity and population. Upon project completion, 117 species were recorded. This initiative enhanced conservation efforts and significantly increased visitor awareness on butterfly ecology.
Herbal Plantation for Ecological Restoration in Barjora North Coal Mine
Continuous mining in the forest of Barjora in Bankura has led to severe air, water, and noise pollution, degrading habitat quality and disrupting elephant movement. A biodiversity assessment across nine sites confirmed significant environmental decline, particularly the loss of herbal plant species. We submitted our findings to the Forest Department and the mining agency, urging immediate intervention. With their financial support, we conducted a plantation drive, restoring 1 Ha of the forest with herbal species to improve undergrowth and restore the ecological balance. A reassessment in August showed significant habitat improvement, enhancing biodiversity and supporting wildlife health, naturally.
Mammalian Diversity Assessment and Conservation Strategy for Kangsabati South Forest Division
Mammals are vital for forest sustainability, yet their distribution in the fragmented forests of Purulia, Bankura, Jhargram, and Paschim Midnapore remains understudied. In collaboration with Kangsabati South Forest Division, we conducted a field study to assess mammal diversity. Using sign surveys, transects, people’s perception study, literature reviews and GIS mapping, we documented 30 mammalian species across six forest ranges. Our report analyzed the species distribution, diversity and habitat quality while identifying current and potential threats. These findings provided critical insights for future conservation efforts in the region.
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DGPS-based Land Verification and Forest Encroachment Assessment in Sonamukhi, Bankura
Forest encroachment is a pivotal issue in the fragmented forests of Paschimanchal, West Bengal, with barren lands often converted for cultivation or other anthropogenic usage. To address this, a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) survey was conducted for Bankura North Forest Division to accurately demarcate land boundaries. Using the RTK method, a 10 Ha site near a hatchery was surveyed to verify whether it was private or forest land. The survey provided a precise scaled map, identifying encroached areas and enabling authorities to take corrective actions for conservation and proper land management.
Safeguarding Indian Pangolins in the Eastern Ghats and Chota Nagpur Plateau Region
Indian Pangolin populations in the Eastern Ghats and Chota Nagpur Plateau Region have declined due to habitat loss, poaching and illegal trade. With support from Centre for Wildlife Studies (CWS), we implemented conservation initiatives focusing on habitat assessment, community awareness and anti-poaching efforts. Key actions include habitat identification, law enforcement collaboration, anti-snare patrols and alternative livelihood programs at forest adjacent villages for local inmates to reduce forest dependency. Additionally, we established a community network to report poaching incidents, effectively. Through this project, we successfully identified multiple viable pangolin habitats for future conservation efforts.
Odonate Habitat Restoration Pond at North Bengal Wild Animal Park
Odonates are vital bio-indicators and natural pest controllers, yet their ecological role is largely unknown. In collaboration with the West Bengal Zoo Authority and North Bengal Wild Animal Park, we developed the first-ever Odonate Pond inside Bengal Safari. After scouting the area, we selected a 70 sq.m site, prepared a blueprint and secured approval from the Central Zoo Authority. The pond and its surrounding habitat were carefully developed, introducing odonate species. Within three months, 23 species were recorded. Informational banners were installed to educate visitors on their ecological significance, promoting awareness and conservation of these unique insects.
Winter Bird Migration Study in Bankura North Forest
During winter, migratory birds, both local and overseas, move across India. Each year, we conduct a winter bird count with the forest departmental staff to study their activity. This year, we surveyed Bankura North Forest Division, identifying six key habitats. From December to February, our team monitored species, population and environmental factors. Data analysis revealed species richness, diversity and a decline in bird movement. We also conducted village surveys confirming this trend. Our report emphasizes habitat improvement and suggests measures to enhance conditions, helping the forest department to restore these areas for migratory birds.
Empowering Local Youth Through Nursery Development for Forest Conservation in Dantan, West Bengal
To promote native tree conservation and support local livelihoods, we launched a self-funded nursery project in Dantan. Local youth cultivated 1,000 Red Sandalwood and 2,500 Malabar Neem saplings. The sale of saplings provided financial support to those involved. Around 100 Red Sandalwood saplings remain and will be distributed among 100 families for plantation. This initiative not only raised awareness about native flora conservation but also created an alternative income source for the community. Encouraged by its success, we plan to expand similar initiatives to more areas in the future.
Development of Digital Herbarium at North Bengal Wild Animal Park
Herbarium records plant specimens for identification and study. To promote awareness without harming specimens, we developed a digital herbarium for North Bengal Wild Animal Park (Bengal Safari). Over 45 days, with expert guidance, we digitized slides of 1,200 plant species, documenting their classification and ecological significance. This initiative aimed to preserve the park’s botanical diversity and educate the visitors. The project, the first of its kind in the park, was well received and is now displayed at the information center, providing valuable insights into the region’s plant life.
Winter Bird Migration Study in Dharmjaigarh, Chhattisgarh Forest Division
In Dharamjaigarh under Chhattisgarh Forest Division, the movement of winter birds had never been properly recorded. This year, in collaboration with local forest officials, we initiated a study to document migratory bird activity. Six key habitats were identified based on public perception surveys. Regular monitoring was conducted daily in three-time intervals. We recorded 103 bird species with 687 individuals. As this was the first such study, past comparisons were not possible. A questionnaire survey in nearby villages provided insights into migration trends, aiding in basic conservation planning for the region’s avian diversity.
Elephant Movement Study in Dalaipani-Kankrajhore & Jhunjka-Bandwan Corridors
Dalaipani-Kankrajhore and Jhunjka-Bandwan are lesser-known elephant corridors with limited ecological and conservation data. Our study focused on identifying elephant movement patterns, conflict intensity and conflict incidents. Data collection covered both Jharkhand and West Bengal. Findings revealed increased elephant movement and herd size over the past five years. An Elephant Proof Trench (EPT) in Amlashol halted movement there, shifting it to Asanpani village. Elephant stays have also increased. Habitat loss in both corridors is severe and requires urgent restoration to mitigate human-elephant conflicts. This study provided essential insights for future conservation planning in the region.
Assessment of Small Mammal Diversity and Activity in Bankura North Forest Division
The Bankura North Forest Division has a fragmented habitat, affecting both wildlife and humans. To monitor small mammals, a month-long survey was conducted at all probable habitats. Mammals under 50 kg, except elephants, were studied using questionnaire surveys, camera trapping, line and point transects and direct sightings. A total of 22 species were recorded, including the endangered and trafficked Indian Pangolin. This was the first such survey in the division and was well received by the forest department. Future studies will focus on more detailed monitoring to enhance knowledge of small mammals in the region.
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Enhancing Rural Livelihoods through Chamomile, Chia and Mentha Cultivation in Paschimanchal, West Bengal
This program promotes sustainable development in forest-adjacent villages of Purulia and Bankura districts. We engaged 15 beneficiary families, cultivating over 5 hectares of land. Chia and Chamomile seeds were distributed, and proper training was provided. These crops were chosen for their ability to grow in low-fertility soil with minimal water requirement. The cultivated produce was successfully sold, linking farmers with buyers. Mentha cultivation is ongoing, with harvesting scheduled for June. Farmers who grew Chia and Chamomile earned profits during the dull winter months. This initiative has benefited both farmers and buyers, and more farmers will be included in the program in the coming years.
Assessing Small Mammal Diversity and Activity in Kangsabati North Forest Division
A small mammal survey was conducted in Kangsabati North Forest Division over 15 days, focusing on camera trapping, sign surveys, and scat analysis. The study documented 67 scats, 43 footprints, and seven direct sightings, including Golden Jackal, Indian Wolf, Jungle Cat, Flying Fox, Spotted Deer, Indian Crested Porcupine and Field Rats. A reported sighting of Indian Dhole was likely a misidentification. In total, 27 species, including the endangered Indian Pangolin, were recorded. All collected data was submitted to the forest department for further analysis. A more detailed study is needed to better understand habitat utilization in the region.
Soil Moisture Conservation Strategy for 338.74 Ha of Diverted Forest Land in Barjora North Coal Mine Area
Deforestation in Barjora under Bankura North Forest Division, has led to the creation of a Soil Moisture Conservation (SMC) plan to conserve soil moisture and control erosion. The plan aims to reduce erosion and conserve soil while controlling moisture. The team calculated yearly water wastage after deforestation and aimed to store at least the same amount of water, before the project began. GIS-based maps were created to understand the area's contour and drainage system, leading to the development of staggered contour trenches and gully plugging at strategic elevations. A total of 1.2 lacs contour trenches were planned to be built within five years. Grass planting, such as bamboos and wild bananas, was also proposed to conserve the soil and its moisture.
Strengthening Community Networks in Forest-Fringe Villages of India
Illegal poaching and wildlife trading are important threats to wildlife protection. Local, forest-adjacent villages are readily influenced for extra money, making it harder for government officials to report unlawful activity. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 is not well understood, therefore locals engage in illegal activities unaware of the consequences. To counter this, anti-poaching units have been established in rural communities, including 31 in West Bengal and Odisha this year. The crews also combat illegal tree-felling and other wildlife-related activities. Building strong links with local villages facilitates the collection of ground-level information and its dissemination to administrative sectors for prompt action. This technique offers true assistance to locals and provides them with the essential information.
Analyzing Phenotypic Variations in the Common Evening Brown Butterfly in India
Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different traits in response to environmental conditions. This allows organisms to develop suitable morphological, physiological, or behavioral traits for their surroundings. In collaboration with Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland, and IISER Thiruvananthapuram, we are studying the Common Evening Brown butterfly (Melanitis leda) to determine if it shows local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity in India. Field equipment has been prepared and distributed globally. Currently, we are collecting live samples, photographing them, and analyzing physical traits in eastern and northeastern India. The project is in its early stages, with detailed analysis planned.
Analyzing Human-Elephant Conflict Trends in Bankura
We analyzed human-elephant conflict in Bankura, focusing on fragmented forest habitats between the Dwarakeshwar and Damodar rivers. These areas serve as key elephant habitats in western West Bengal. With the upcoming deforestation of 338.74 ha in Barjora, conflicts are expected to rise. Our study involved literature reviews, surveys, data collection and field monitoring. Over 150 elephants were recorded, with stays of 60-100 days in Barjora Forest. Reports included human injuries, crop damage, and elephant deaths, including electrocution cases. Continued research is necessary to better understand conflict patterns and develop effective mitigation strategies.
Assessment of Shorebird Activity in Petuaghat, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal
Coastal areas play a crucial role for migratory birds and studying them helps understand bird movement, distribution, and population. In Petuaghat, we focus on shorebird activity with three objectives namely, tracking movement, documenting species and raising awareness. Since November, we have conducted fortnightly field surveys, documenting species diversity. Notable findings include the endangered Nordmann’s Greenshank, a leucistic White-breasted Kingfisher, and a large flock of Bar-headed Geese. This is the first shorebird documentation from this area. Awareness programs in local villages and schools are also conducted. The study will continue until 2026 for comprehensive data collection.
Providing Free Healthcare Services to Underserved Communities in Bankura & Purulia, West Bengal
As part of our Emergency Disaster Management (EDM) initiative, we organized free health camps in remote areas to support underserved communities. With support from SRMB Srijan Pvt. Ltd. CSR initiatives, two health camps were held in Purulia and Bankura, providing medical care to around 300 people, including elderly individuals, women and children. Services included ECG tests, eye checkups and distribution of prescribed medicines and spectacles. Doctors from institutions like Apollo and NRS Medical College participated. A major issue observed was the lack of health awareness among the villagers. A research study is ongoing to assess this concern in Bankura and Purulia.
Habitat Utilization of Golden Jackal in the Non-Forest Regions of Dantan, West Bengal
A survey in West Bengal's Dantan area revealed the fragmentation of habitats due to development projects and human population growth. The study surveyed the Golden Jackal's distribution and habitat utilization using sign survey, conducting questionnaires and camera trapping. The data provided preliminary information on the animal's population strength, movement routes, niche, habitat preference and threats from human and other species. Threats included hunting for bush meat, roadkill from speeding vehicles, conflict with human settlements and direct conflict over livestock raiding. The analysis could help plan conservation plans for the declining Golden Jackal population and conduct research on behavior, habitat analysis, resource utilization and inter- and intra-species interaction.
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